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and of bitterness

  • 1 πικρία

    -ας + ἡ N 1 5-0-8-9-7=29 Ex 15,23; Nm 33,8.9; Dt 29,17; 32,32
    bitterness (of taste) Dt 32,32; id. (of temper) Jb 21,25; Πικρία (toponym) Ex 15,23
    *Ez 28,24 πικρίας of bitterness-מרר for MT ממאיר malignant, pricking; *Ps 9,28 (10,7) καὶ πικρίας and of bitterness-ומררות for MT ומרמות and of deceit, cpr. Rom 3,14
    Cf. DORIVAL 1944, 123; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 178; WALTERS 1973, 151

    Lust (λαγνεία) > πικρία

  • 2 πικρία

    πικρία, ας, ἡ (πικρός; Demosth., Aristot. et al.; pap, LXX; TestSol 5:13; TestAbrA; TestLevi 11:7; TestNapht 2:8; ApcMos 24; Just., D. 120, 2)
    ① state of being bitter to the taste, bitterness (Theophr., CP 6, 10, 7; Plut., Mor. 897a), but used in imagery, of a βοτάνη πικρίαν ἔχουσα a plant that has a bitter taste GEg 252, 54 (Diog. L. 9, 80 πικρός is ‘inedible’ in contrast to ἐδώδιμος. Likew. Jos., Ant. 3, 30 πικρία=‘inedibility’). A reprehensible pers. is called χολὴ πικρίας= χολὴ πικρά (on the close connection of χολή w. πικρία s. Vett. Val. 249, 16; Dt 29:17; La 3:19; TestNapht 2:8) bitter gall Ac 8:23. ῥίζα πικρίας a bitter root, a root that bears bitter fruit Hb 12:15 (cp. Dt 29:17; Hippocr., Ep. 16, 4 τ. πικρὴν ῥίζαν ἐκκόψαι).
    ② state of being bitter in an affective sense, bitterness, animosity, anger, harshness fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Demosth. et al.; Bion of Borysthenes [III B.C.] in Diog. L. 4, 46 [of a slaveholder’s inhuman cruelty]; LXX, Philo); it is associated with ὀξυχολία Hm 5, 2, 4; 5, 2, 8; 6, 2, 5. ἐν π. γίνεσθαι become embittered m 5, 2, 2. ἐπιτάσσειν τινὶ ἐν π. give an order to someone harshly B 19:7; cp. D 4:10. W. θυμός, ὀργή al. (cp. Philo, Ebr. 223; Jos., Ant. 17, 148) in a list of vices Eph 4:31. τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει the mouth is full of curses and of bitter words Ro 3:14 (Ps 13:3; cp. 9:28. π. γέμειν as Philo, Migr. Abr. 36).—DELG s.v. πικρός. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πικρία

  • 3 ὁράω

    ὁράω (Hom.+) impf. 3 pl. ἑώρων (J 6:2 v.l. for ἐθεώρουν); pf. ἑώρακα and ἑόρακα (s. B-D-F §68), 3 pl. ἑώρακαν beside ἑόρακαν and ἑωράκασιν (Mlt-H. 221); plpf. ἑωράκειν Hv 2, 1, 3; fut. ὄψομαι, 2 sg. ὄψῃ (W-S. §13, 18). Pass.: 1 fut. ὀφθήσομαι; 1 aor. ὤφθην, by-form ὡράθην Ezk 12:12; 21:29; Da 1:15 Theod.; pf. 3 sing. ὦπται Ex 4:1, 5; Hv 3, 1, 2, inf. ὦφθαι or ἑωρᾶσθαι (Just.); plpf. 3 sg. ὦπτο. (Just.). In Byz. times there was an aor. mid. ὠψάμην (Lob. on Phryn. p. 734). There is a subjunctive form corresponding to this in one place in the NT, though not without a v.l.; it is ὄψησθε (v.l. ὄψεσθε) Lk 13:28. The functions of the aor. active are taken over by εἶδον and the forms belonging to it (s. εἶδον). βλέπω is, for the most part, used for the pres. and impf. On the use of ὁράω and βλέπω s. Reinhold p. 95ff.
    A. trans.
    ① to perceive by the eye, catch sight of, notice
    ⓐ w. acc. of pers. Mt 28:7, 10; Mk 16:7; Lk 16:23; J 8:57; 9:37; 14:9; 16:16f, 19, 22; 20:18 (PPerkins, Int 46, ’92, 31–41), 25, 29; 1J 4:20a; Rv 1:7; AcPl Ha 6, 17; Κλαύδ̣ιε ὅ̣[ρα Παῦλον] 8, 1. θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε (s. PGM 5, 101f of Osiris ὸ̔ν οὐδεὶς εἶδε πώποτε) J 1:18; cp. 6:46ab; 1J 4:20b (on seeing God and its impossibility for mortals s. WGrafBaudissin, ‘Gott schauen’ in d. atl. Rel.: ARW 18, 1915, 173–239; RBultmann, ZNW 29, 1930, 169–92; EFascher: Marb. Theol. Studien ’31, 1, 41–77).—Also of the perception of personal beings that become visible in a transcendent manner (UPZ 78, 8 [159 B.C.] of a dream in the Sarapeum ὁρῶ τ. διδύμας; 69, 6; Just., D. 115, 3), of the vision of Christ that Paul had 1 Cor 9:1. The acc. is to be supplied fr. the context Hb 11:27; 1 Pt 1:8. W. acc. of the ptc. (B-D-F §416, 1; Rob. 1123.—UPZ 69, 6 [152 B.C.] ὁρῶ ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ τὸν Μενέδημον ἀντικείμενον ἡμῖν; Ex 2:11, 13; TestJob 26, 6; ParJer 9:20; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 38; Just., A I, 10, 1 al.) ὄψονται τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενον Mk 14:62 (NPerrin, The End-product of the Christian Pesher Trad., NTS 12, ’66, 150–55).
    ⓑ w. acc. of thing ὀπτασίαν ὁρ. see a vision (s. ὀπτασία 1.—SIG 1169, 6; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] ἐνύπνια ὁρῶ πονηρά) Lk 1:22; 24:23. ὁράσεις Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). ταῦτα Lk 23:49. πάντα J 4:45. σημεῖα 6:2 v.l. (for ἐθεώρουν). S. also Hv 3, 2, 4. W. acc. of the ptc. (SIG 685, 75; 1169, 15; Ex 33:10; TestJob 37:8; Just., A I, 53, 9 al.) τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα J 1:51.—Hv 3, 8, 9. W. attraction of the relative ὧν=τούτων ἅ Lk 9:36; Ac 22:15. The attraction may be due to colloq. breviloquence in μάρτυρα ὧν τε εἶδές με ὧν τε ὀφθήσομαί σοι a witness to the things in which you saw me and to those in which I shall appear to you Ac 26:16b (difft. MDibelius, Aufsätze zur Apostelgeschichte, ed. HGreeven ’51, 83). Of God τ. πάντα ὁρᾷ PtK 2 p. 13, 24 (Ar. 4, 1; cp. 13, 8).—ὁρ. is a favorite word w. J, when he speaks of that which the preëxistent Son saw when he was with the Father (JSchneider, D. Christusschau des Joh.-ev. ’35; difft. LBrun, D. Gottesschau des joh. Christus: SymbOsl 5, 1927, 1–22) ὸ̔ ἑώρακεν J 3:32; cp. vs. 11. ἃ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ πατρί 8:38 (since this deals w. witness and speaking, the ‘perceiving’ could be thought of as ‘hearing’; what is heard is interpreted as an event. Cp. Diod S 13, 28, 5 ὁρᾷς;=do you hear [the outcry]?; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 165 ὁρῶ οἷα λέγεις; Polyaenus 7, 14, 2; Ex 20:18 λαὸς ἑώρα τὴν φωνήν, 22; Dt 4:9; also Philo, Migr. Abr. 47; SibOr 8, 125 βρυγμὸν ὁρ.). Of that which the apostolic witnesses saw of Christ 1J 1:1–3. Abs. ὁ ἑωρακώς the eye-witness J 19:35.
    ⓒ ὁρ. τὸ πρόσωπόν τινος as a periphrasis for see someone (cp. Gen 43:3, 5; 46:30) Ac 20:25; Col 2:1. ὁρ. το πρόσωπον τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־פְּנֵי י״י) Rv 22:4 (πρόσωπον 1bα). ὁρ. τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ (=רָאָה אֶת־כְּבוֹד י״י) see the majesty of God (Is 66:18f; GkBar 6:12 al.) J 11:40. Simply ὁρ. τὸν θεόν see God Mt 5:8. ὀψόμεθα αὐτὸν καθώς ἐστιν 1J 3:2 (Maximus Tyr. 11, 11a τὸ μὲν ὅλον ὄψει τ. θεὸν τότε, ἐπειδὰν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλῇ). ὁρ. τὸν κύριον Hb 12:14.—On ἃ ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων Col 2:18 s. ἐμβατεύω.
    ⓓ pass. in act. sense become visible, appear (Ael. Aristid. 51, 22 K.=27 p. 539 D.: ὤφθη τοιάδε; LXX) abs. Rv 11:19; 12:1, 3. τινί to someone Ac 2:3. ὅραμα διὰ νυκτὸς τ. Παύλῳ ὤφθη a vision appeared to Paul at night 16:9 (Jos., Ant. 2, 70 τὰ διὰ νυκτὸς ὀφθέντα).—Of pers. who appear in a natural way (Appian, Syr. 21 §96 ὤφθησαν=they made an appearance, Bell. Civ. 2, 130 §542; UPZ 145, 5 [164 B.C.]; 3 Km 3:16 ὤφθησαν δύο γυναῖκες τῷ βασιλεῖ) (Μωϋσῆς) ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Ac 7:26. Mostly of beings that make their appearance in a transcendent manner, almost always w. dat. of the pers. to whom they appear: God (Gen 12:7; 17:1 [cp. 1QapGen 22:27 God appears to Abraham]; PGM 4, 3090 ἕως ὁ θεός σοι ὀφθῇ; ParJer 7:20; Just., D. 56, 4 al.) Ac 7:2. Angels (Ex 3:2; Judg 6:12) Lk 1:11; 22:43 (LBrun, ZNW 32, ’33, 265–76); Ac 7:30, 35. Moses and Elijah Mt 17:3; Mk 9:4; Lk 9:31 (without the dat. in this pass.: ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ). The risen Christ Lk 24:34; Ac 9:17; 13:31; 26:16a; 1 Cor 15:5–8 (cp. Ox 1 verso, 13; Unknown Sayings, 69–71); 1 Ti 3:16 (ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις: the triumphant Christ appears to the angelic powers); Hb 9:28 (Christ at his Second Coming).—οὐκ ἔτι σοι ὀφθήσεται it will be seen by you no longer (of evil desire) Hm 12, 2, 4 (Antig. Car. 11 ὁρᾶται=there is; Aristot. in Apollon. Paradox. 39 ὄφις ὤφθη=there was a snake).
    ② to see someone in the course of making a friendly call, visit (1 Km 20:29; JosAs 22:3) ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς Hb 13:23.
    ③ to experience a condition or event, experience, witness (cp. POxy 120, 4f τινὰ ὁρῶντα αἱαυτὸν [= ἑαυτὸν] ἐν δυστυχίᾳ; JosAs 6:5 τί … ἐγὼ ὄψομαι ἡ ταλαίπωρο; s. also Just., D. 61, 2) Lk 17:22 (s. εἶδον 4). ζωήν J 3:36 (cp. Lycophron 1019 βίον; Ps 88:49 θάνατον). μείζω τούτων 1:50. ὄψεται πᾶσα σὰρξ τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5).
    ④ to be mentally or spiritually perceptive, perceive (Polystrat. p. 5 ὁρ. τῷ λογισμῷ; Simplicius, In Epict. p. 110, 47 Düb. τὸ ἀληθές), fig. ext. of 1:
    ⓐ sensory aspect felt: w. acc. of the ptc. (Diod S 2, 16, 5; 4, 40, 2; Appian, Syr. 14 §55, Bell. Civ. 2, 14 §50; PHib 44, 4 [253 B.C.] ὁρῶντες δέ σε καταραθυμοῦντα; 4 Macc 4:24; 9:30; Jos., Vi. 373 ὄντα με ὁρ.; Just., A I, 43, 5; Ath. 2, 3) notice, perceive, understand εἰς χολὴν πικρίας … ὁρῶ σε ὄντα I perceive that you have fallen into the gall of bitterness (i.e. bitter jealousy) Ac 8:23. οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα we do not yet see everything subjected to him Hb 2:8. W. acc. and inf. foll. Dg 1. W. ὅτι foll. (M. Ant. 9, 27, 2; Philo, Migr. Abr. 46; Just., D. 23, 3 al.) Js 2:24; 1 Cl 12:8; 23:4; 44:6. W. indir. quest foll. 1 Cl 16:17; 41:4; 50:1; 15:8; Dg 7:8. W. direct discourse foll. ὁρᾶτε 1 Cl 4:7.
    ⓑ w. focus on cognitive aspect: look at or upon ὄψονται οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ they who have never been told of (Christ) shall look upon him Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15).— Consider ὅρα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῆς πονηρίας τὰ ἔργα Hm 6, 2, 4.— Become conscious of ὁ κακοποιῶν οὐχ ἐώρακεν τ. θεόν 3J 11. Cp. 1J 3:6.
    B. intr.
    ① to fix one’s gaze, look εἴς τινα on or at someone (Il. 24, 633; Od. 20, 373; Just., D. 112, 1) J 19:37 (s. ἐκκεντέω). ἄνω ὁρᾶν Dg 10:2 (cp. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2, 140; Ovid, Matamorphoses 1, 85; other reff. EBlakeney, The Epistle to Diognetus ’43, 77f).
    ② to be alert or on guard, pay attention, see to it that foll. by μή and the aor. subj. (Diod S 27, 17, 3 ὁρᾶτε μήποτε ποιήσωμεν; Epict., Ench. 19, 2; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 8, 2; BGU 37, 5 [50 A.D.]; POxy 532, 15 ὅρα μὴ ἄλλως πράξῃς; 531, 9 ὅρα μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων προσκρούσῃς.—B-D-F §364, 3) Mt 8:4; 18:10; Mk 1:44; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Cl 21:1; D 6:1.—W. μή and impv. (B-D-F §461, 1; Rob. 996) Mt 9:30; 24:6.—Elliptically (B-D-F §480, 5; Rob. 949) ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.—Used w. ἀπό τινος look out for someth. (B-D-F §149; Rob. 472) ὁρᾶτε καὶ προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων look out (for) and be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees Mt 16:6. ὁράτε, βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρ. Mk 8:15. ὁράτε καὶ φυλάσσεσθε ἀπὸ πάσης πλεονεξίας Lk 12:15.
    ③ to accept responsibility for causing someth. to happen, look, see to, take care σὺ ὄψῃ see to that yourself! that’s your affair! Mt 27:4 (Men., Epitr. 493 S. [317 Kö.]; cp. the response of Titus and declaration of innocence at the time of Jerusalem’s destruction Jos., Bell. 6, 215); cp. vs. 24; Ac 18:15 (on this Latinism = videris s. DHesseling in B-D-F §362; Rob. 109f). Impv. followed by imperatival fut. ὅρα ποιήσεις πάντα see to it that you do everything Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; cp. 4:21). Foll. by indir. quest. (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 121 D.: ὅρα τί ποιεῖς) ὅρα τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν take care what you are doing Ac 22:26 v.l.—B. 1042. Schmidt, Syn. I 244–70. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὁράω

  • 4 γέμω

    γέμω impf. ἔγεμον (Aeschyl., Hdt.+) to be full of someth. (of state rather than procedure), be full.
    ⓐ w. simple gen. τινός (Thu. 7, 25, 1 et al.; LXX; GrBar 12:1; PGM 8, 94 πυρὸς γ.) of someth.: of bones of the dead Mt 23:27 (cp. Just., D. 17, 4; 112, 4); GNaass 284, 153; of sins B 11:11 (cp. Isocr., Panath. 10, 29 πολλῶν ἁμαρτημάτων γέμοντες); of rapacity and wickedness Lk 11:39 (cp. Isocr., Areop. 17, 43 πλείστων γ. ἐπιθυμιῶν; Plut., Pomp. 657 [72, 4], Aemil. 271 [31, 4]); of cursing and bitterness (cp. Philod., Ira p. 56 W. πικρίας) Ro 3:14 (Ps 9:28; 13:3); of incense Rv 5:8 (cp. GrBar 12:1–5); of pollutions 17:4; of the seven plagues 21:9; of God’s wrath 15:7. ζῷα γέμοντα ὀφθαλμῶν living creatures full of eyes (of heavily loaded animals, Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 2 Jac. ὄνους γέμοντας οἴνου; Aesop, Fab. 322a H./180 P./266 Ch./191 H-H. S. also Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 15 §55 γέμων ῥύπου, covered with filth) 4:6, 8. ὄρος σχισμῶν ὅλον ἔγεμεν the mountain was all full of cracks Hs 9, 1, 7; be full of mistiness 2 Cl 1:6 (contrast Diod. Sic. 13, 84, 3 ἡ πόλις ἔγεμε φωτός). Pregnant constr. θεοῦ γ. be full of God IMg 14 (cp. Vergil in Seneca Rhet., Suasoria 3, 5 HMüller: plena deo, of the Sibyl; Lucan 9, 564; Pollux 1, 15 πλήρης θεοῦ; schol. on Pla. 856e of μάντις• ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ).
    ⓑ w. prep. and gen. ἔκ τινος of extortion Mt 23:25.
    ⓒ w. acc. of thing: θηρίον γέμοντα (constr. ad sensum) ὀνόματα βλασφημίας full of sacrilegious names Rv 17:3 (s. AThumb, Hdb. d. neugriech. Volkssprache2 1910 §50c; B-D-F §159, 1; KWolf, Studien z. Sprache d. Malalas II, diss. Munich 1912, 33).—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γέμω

  • 5 χολή

    χολή, ῆς, ἡ (χόλος ‘gall, bile’; since Archilochus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 96; PGM 36, 284; LXX; TestSol 5:9; 13; TestJob 43:8; Test12Patr, ApcEsdr, Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 173; Mel., P. 79, 574; loanw. in rabb. The equivalent χόλος Hom. et al. is used in both the lit. sense of ‘gall, bile’ and the fig. ‘bitter anger’.)
    ① lit. a substance w. an unpleasant taste, someth. bitter, gall (PSI 1180, 103 [II A.D.], bile of a hyena; the LXX uses χολή to transl. (a) מְרֵרָה=gall Job 16:13; (b) מְרֹרָה=poison Job 20:14; (c) לַעֲנָה=wormwood Pr 5:4; La 3:15; (d) רֹאשׁ=poison Dt 29:17 [of an unspecified poisonous plant]; Ps 68:22) ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ πιεῖν οἶνον μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένον they gave him a drink of wine mixed with bitters (so Moffatt) Mt 27:34 (fr. Ps 68:22 [?]; cp. Mk 15:23 wine laced w. myrrh).—B 7:3, 5; GPt 5:16 (s. ὄξος).—Zohary, Plants 186.
    ② fig. ext. of 1: the Semitic idiom χολὴ πικρίας gall of bitterness, bitter gall Ac 8:23 (πικρία 1) in ref. to Simon Magus prob.= bitter poison and refers to his predicament in a state of sin (cp. Dt 29:17 ἐν χολῇ καὶ πικρίᾳ; on the theme 1QS 2:11–17), not to an emotional condition. (Sometimes cited in this connection, but of a difft. order is Biogr. p. 153 the tragedian Philocles ἐπεκαλεῖτο Χολὴ διὰ τό πικρόν.)—PKatz conjectures ἐν χολῇ for ἐνοχλῇ (s. ἐνοχλέω) Hb 12:15 (ZNW 49, ’58, 213–23) on the basis of Dt 29:17 (cp. P46 ἐνχ[.]λη). In such case χολή refers to an emotional condition: wrath.—B. 1134. DELG s.v. χόλος. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χολή

  • 6 δριμύτης

    A acridness of humours, Hp.VM18 (pl.); pungency of taste, etc., Anaxipp.1.46, Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.70: pl., Arched. 2.7, Thphr.CP1.16.9; itches, Agatharch.58; of smoke, Plb.21.28.16.
    II metaph., keenness, eagerness, Pl.Plt. 311a;

    δ. πρὸς τὰ μαθήματα Id.R. 535b

    ; keenness of wit or satire, Plu.2.48a, Luc.Alex. 4; πανουργία καὶ δ. ib. 483f;

    ποικιλία καὶ δ. Arr.Epict.2.23.40

    ; bitterness in controversy, Phld.Ir.p.22 W.
    2 esp. in Lit. Crit., use of striking words and turns of phrase, Id.Piet.15, Hermog.Id.2.5, Inv.3.13, Aristid.Rh.2pp.513,524S.
    3 fierceness, grimness,

    τοῦ προσώπου App.BC1.70

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δριμύτης

  • 7 χόλος

    χόλ-ος, ὁ, rarely in physical sense (= later χολή),
    II generally, metaph., gall, bitter anger, wrath,

    οὐκ Ἀχιλῆϊ χ. φρεσίν Il.2.241

    ;

    φρενῶν χ. E.Med. 1266

     (lyr.);

    χ. καὶ μῆνις Il.15.122

    ;

    χ. λάβε τινά 1.387

    , etc.;

    χ. ἔδυ τινά 9.553

    ;

    χ. δάμασσέ τινα 18.119

    ;

    χ. ᾕρει τινά 4.23

    ;

    χ. ἔμπεσε θυμῷ 9.436

    , etc.; χ. ἔχει θυμόν ib. 675; ὅτε χ. ἵκοι τινά ib. 525; οἰδάνεται κραδίη χόλῳ ib. 646; χόλον πέσσειν, καταπέσσειν (v. sub vocc.); σβέσσαι χ. ib. 678;

    παῦσαι 1.192

    , etc.;

    ἐᾶν 9.260

    ;

    μεθέμεν 1.283

    ;

    ἐξακέσασθαι 4.36

    , Od.3.145;

    ἐκ χόλου μεταστρέψαι ἦτορ Il.10.107

    ; χόλοιο μεταλήγειν (v. sub voc.);

    λήγειν Hes.Th. 221

    ; χόλου παύθη ib. 533;

    ἐκ δὲ χόλω τῶδε λαθοίμεθα Alc.Supp.23.9

    ;

    λωφῆσαι A.Pr. 378

    ;

    πόσει πάρες χόλον E.IA 1609

    ; opp.

    ἐν θυμῷ βάλλεσθαί τινι χόλον Il.14.50

    ;

    χ. ἔνθεο θυμῷ 6.326

    ;

    χ. ἐνέχειν τινί Hdt.1.118

    , 6.119, 8.27;

    ἔχειν τινί E.Hec. 1118

    ;

    ὄρσαι Pi.P.11.23

    ;

    κινεῖν E.Med.99

     (anap.);

    Τυφὼς ἐξαναζέσει χ. A.Pr. 372

    ; χόλου ἄρξασθαι ib. 201: c. gen. subj., a person's rage, χ. Ἥρης, Ἀθηναίης, Il.18.119 (v. supr.), Od.3.145 (v. supr.): also c. gen. obj., anger towards or because of a person, Il.6.335, 15.138; or anger for, because of a thing,

    τίνος χόλον κατ' αὐτῶν ἐγκαλῶν ἐλήλυθας; S.Ph. 328

    ;

    ὧν ἔχων χ. Id.Tr. 269

    : also ὄφρα

    ἑ.. χόλου.. ἀθανάτοις παύσειεν h.Cer. 350

    , cf. 410, E.HF 840.
    2 bitterness,

    ἔριδος χ. Sol.4.39

    .
    3 cause of anger, AP11.381 (Pall.) —In Prose used only by Hdt. and late writers, as Luc.Am.2. (On the Root, v. χολή.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χόλος

  • 8 στρυφνός

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `bitter, of taste, sour, astringent, severe' (Pl., Ar., Arist. etc.).
    Derivatives: - ότης f. `bitterness, severity' (Arist., Plu. a.o.), - όω `to astringe' (Plu. [v. l.], Eust.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]
    Etymology: Expressive adj., which reminds in form and meaning στύφω (s. v.); anl. στρ- as in στριφνός, στρηνής, στράγξ. Connection outside Greek is however not excluded: Germ., e.g. OS strūf `upright, stiff, raw', OHG strūbēn `be stiff, strauben'; also Slav., e.g. OCS strъpъtъ `rawness, harshness', Russ. strúp `scab, crust of a wound' etc.; all uncertain; s., except Bq, WP. 2. 635, Pok. 1027, Vasmer s. v., also Fraenkel s. strùbas; everywhere w. further lit.
    Page in Frisk: 2,811-812

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρυφνός

  • 9 πικρός

    πικρός, ά, όν (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., apolog.)
    ① pert. to being bitter to taste, bitter (opp. γλυκύς; cp. Pla., Theaet. 166e πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον; Pr 27:7) of water that is not potable (as Appian, Iber. 88, §385; Ex 15:23; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 4 Jac.; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 208; Jos., Bell. 4, 476; 7, 186 [opp. γλυκύς]) Js 3:11 (τ̣ό[ν θ]υμ̣[όν], so the ed. P74, but perh. τὸ [ἀλ]υκ̣[όν] is to be read, s. N. app.).
    ② pert. to being bitter in feeling or attitude, bitter, embittered, harsh, fig. ext. of 1: ζῆλον π. ἔχειν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have bitter jealousy in one’s heart Js 3:14. Of ὀξυχολία (πικρία 2) Hm 5, 1, 6. Of the commandments of the devil m 12, 4, 6. Of humans (Trag. et al.; Diod S 14, 65, 4 π. τύραννος; Aelian, Fgm. 74 p. 222, 27; 103 p. 235, 24; Alciphron 1, 15, 5; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 106; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; Ath. 31, 1) harsh (w. ὀξύχολος and ἄφρων) m 6, 2, 4; (w. ἄσπλαγχνος) Hs 6, 3, 2. λέοντα … π. λίαν a very ferocious lion AcPl Ha 4, 20. Of patience μηδὲν ἐν ἑαυτῇ ἔχουσα πικρόν it has no bitterness in it Hm 5, 2, 3.—B. 1033.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πικρός

  • 10 τρυφερός

    τρυφερός, ά, όν (Eur., Thu. et al.; BGU 1080, 18; LXX; TestGad 1:4 of Joseph, who was ‘frail’, i.e. not tough like his brothers; Philo, Somn. 2, 9; SibOr 3, 527) pert. to being gentle and free from harshness, delicate, gentle, subdued, of the Holy Spirit Hm 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 6 (in these pass. in contrast to a spirit of bitterness). Of the ἄγγελος τῆς δικαιοσύνης 6, 2, 3. Of unmarried women Hs 9, 2, 5 (Chariton 2, 2, 2; cp. Sus 31, but there in ref. to a woman’s voluptuousness).—DELG s.v. θρύπτω III.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τρυφερός

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